Quantification of runoff, soil loss and yield of crops under different cropping systems in North Eastern ghat agro-climatic zone of Odisha
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53550/Keywords:
Crop, Equivalent yield, Ground nut, Pigeon pea, Productivity, Rainfall, Runoff, Soil lossAbstract
Experiments were conducted in the research farm of All India Coordinated Research Project on Dryland Agriculture (AICRPDA) of Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology at Phulbani in Kandhamal district during kharif season for three years from 2007 to 2009 with the objectives to quantify the runoff and soil loss under different cropping systems and develop relationship among them including development of relationship between rainfall vs. runoff and rainfall vs. soil loss. The treatments tried were T - Sole 1 crop of rice, T - Sole crop of pigeon pea. T - Sole crop of groundnut, T - 2 3 4 Pigeonpea and rice in alternate strips, T - Pigeon pea and groundnut in 5 alternate strips, T - Intercrop of rice and pigeon pea (5:2),T - Intercrop of 6 7 groundnut and pigeon pea (4:2),T - Uncultivated fallow, and T - Cultivated 8 9 fallow. All crops in treatments T to T were planted along the contour. 1 7 Intercrop of groundnut and pigeon pea (4:2) (treatment T ) gave significantly 7 highest rice equivalent yield compared to other treatments in all the three years. Mean rice equivalent yield in treatment T was found to be the highest 7 with value of 55.57 q ha-1. Pigeon pea and groundnut intercropping (2:4) increased the mean rice equivalent yield by 158.1, 96.8 and 21.4%, respectively when compared with sole crop of rice, pigeon pea and groundnut, respectively. Treatment T gave the lowest runoff of 309 mm which is 23% less 7 than the cultivated fallow i.e. treatment T (400 mm). The same treatment also 9 gave the lowest soil loss (8.03 t ha-1) which is 47% lower than the treatment T 9 which gave the highest soil loss of 15.19 t ha-1. Treatment T was observed to 7 give the lowest mean runoff (24.2% of rainfall) compared to other treatments. Relationship among rainfall, runoff and soil loss were developed and found to be satisfactory with high values of coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.90). Hence the developed relationships (models) can be used to predict runoff and soil loss from known value of rainfall.
References
Anonymous 2005. Annual progress report of AICRPDA, OUAT, Phulbani.
Arora, D. and Gupta, A.K. 2002. Effect of water conservation measures in a pasture on the productivity of buffel grass. Proc. of Indian Association of Soil and Water Conservationists, Dehradun, pp 65-66.
Behera, B.P., Sahoo, N., Panigrahi, B. and Eknath, G.A. 2014. Impact of soil and water conservation measures on productivity and groundwater recharge in a micro-watershed in coastal zones of Odisha. J. Indian Soc. Coast. Agri. Res., 32(2):87-91.
Dass, A., Sudhishri, S., Lenka, N.K. and Patnaik, U.S. 2011. Runoff capture through vegetative barriers and planting methodologies to reduce erosion, and improve soil moisture, fertility and crop productivity in southern Orissa, India. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst., 89: 45-47.
Kumar, M. 2002. Impact of soil and water conservation on erosion loss and yield of kharif crops under ravenous watershed. Proc. of Indian Association of Soil and Water Conservationists, Dehradun: 301-303.
Naik, B.S., Paul, J.C., Panigrahi, B. and Sahoo, B.C. 2014. Soil loss from agricultural lands in eastern ghat of Odisha- A case study of Koraput district. J. Soil Water Cons., 13(4): 324-329.
Naik, B.S., Paul, J.C., Panigrahi, B. and Sahoo, B.C. 2015. Soil erosion assessment from farming lands of Koraput district in eastern ghat region of Odisha. Indian J. Soil Cons., 43(1): 33-37.
Panigrahi, B. 2008. Development of crop coefficient model of potato under plant-furrow treatment. Indian J. Soil Cons., 36(1): 24-30.
Panigrahi, B. 2007. Effect of moisture conservation measures on runoff, soil loss and yield of upland rice. J. Agri. Eng., 44(3): 121-27.
Panigrahi, B. 2009. Planning and management of water resources in Orissa to enhance crop production. Indian J. Soil Cons., 37(1): 30-36.
Rao, B.K., Mishra, P.K. Kurothe, R.S., Pande, V.C. and Kumar, G. 2015. Effectiveness of Dichanthium annulatum in watercourses for reducing sediment delivery from agricultural watersheds. Clean-Soil, Air, Water, 43(5): 710-716.
Samra, J.S. 2002. Watershed management a tool for sustainable production. Proc. of Indian Association of Soil and Water Conservationists, Dehradun, pp 1-10.
Singh, M.J. and Khera, K.L. 2006. Runoff and soil loss as affected by land use, rainfall intensity and antecedent moisture under simulated rainfall condition. Indian J. Soil Cons., 34(3): 254-256.
Subudhi, C.R., Pradhan, P.C. and Senapati, P.C. 1999. Effect of grass bund on erosion loss and yield of rainfed rice, Orissa, India. Vetiver Netw., 19: 32-33.
Sudhishri, S., Dass, A. and Lenka, N.K. 2008. Efficacy of vegetative barriers for rehabilitation of degraded hill slopes in eastern India. Soil Till. Res., 99: 98-107.
