Sowing dates and irrigation regimes on growth, productivity and radiation use efficiency of winter maize (L.) Zea mays
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53550/Keywords:
Irrigation, Radiation use efficiency, Sowing dates, Winter maizeAbstract
Phenological development, growth and yield of any grain crop are largely determined by availability of soil moisture, photo-thermal environments, intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR) and radiation use efficiency. Depending upon the harvesting period of previous rice crop, farmers sow winter maize in the region during November to January. Since development rate and duration of phenological stages are largely governed by prevailing temperatures; therefore, sowing date is one of the very important factors to obtain optimum productivity. Research was conducted to study phenological development rate, growth, yield, IPAR and radiation use efficiency of the winter maize under different photo-thermal environments and irrigation regimes, created by changing sowing dates and irrigation levels. The peak IPAR of 89.3, 87.6 and 85.5% were recorded by first, second and third sown crops, respectively and RUE -1 of 1.55 to 2.02 g MJ were achieved under different treatments. Development rate was significantly correlated with maximum and minimum temperatures during emergence to tasseling and tasseling to maturity stages of the crop. Day length was found to be significantly correlated with reproductive stage of the crop but its effect on the phenology development rate in vegetative stage was not evident. Significant variation in biomass, leaf area, IPAR and RUE occurred among irrigation treatments. The last sown (January) crop expressed lower negative stress degree day (SDD) due to more dryness and less availability of soil moisture; as a result crop growth and productivity were reduced significantly
References
Conner, D.J., Jones, T.R. and Palla, J.A.1985.Response of Sunflower to strategies of irrigation. I. Growth, yield and efficiency of water use. Field Crop Res ., 10: 15-36.
Dobermann, A., Wortmann, C.S., Ferguson, R.B., Hergert, G.W., Shapiro, C.A., Tarkalson, D.D. and Walter, D.T. 2011. Nitrogen response and economics on irrigated corn in Nebraska. Agron. J., 103(1): 67-75.
Doorenbos, J. and Kassam, A.H. 1979. Yield response to water. FAO irrigation and drainage paper No. 33 FAO, Rome, 193 p.
Figuerola, P.I. and Berlinger, P.R. 2006. Characterization of the surface layer above a row crop in the presence of local advection, Atmosfera.,19(2): 75-108.
Gallaghar, J.N. and Biscoe, P.V. 1978. Radiation absorption, growth and yield of cereals. J. Agric. Sci., Camb., 91(1): 47-60.
Gregory, P.J., Tennant, D. and Belford, R.K. 1992. Root and shoot growth and water and light use efficiency of barley and wheat crop grown on a
shallow duplex soil in Mediterranean type environment.Aus. J.Agric. Res., 43(3): 555-573.
Hammer, G.L., Goyne, P.J. and Wooduff, D.R. 1982. Phenology of sunflower cultivars III. Models for prediction in field environments. Aust. J. Agric Res., 33(2): 263-274.
Idso, S.B., Reginato, R.J. and Jackson, R.D. 1977.Albedo measurement for remote-sensing of crop yields. Nature 266: 625-628.
Igbadun, H.E., Salim, B.A., Tarimo, A.K.P.R. and Mahoo, H.F. 2008. Effects of deficit irrigation scheduling on yields and soil water balance of irrigated maize. Irri. Sci 27: 11-23.
Kar, G., Singh, R. and Verma, H.N. 2004. Alternative cropping strategies for assured and efficient crop production in upland rainfed rice areas of eastern India based on rainfall analysis. Agril. Water Manage., 67(1): 47-62.
Kar, G., Verma, H.N. and Singh, R. 2005. Effects of winter crop and supplemental irrigation on crop yield, water use efficiency and profitability in rainfed rice based cropping system of eastern India. Agril.Water Manage 79(3): 280-292.
Kar, G., 2005. Radiation interception, rainwater and radiation utilization efficiency study of legume based intercropping in rainfed upland rice area of eastern India. J. Agrometeor,7(1): 84-89.
Kar, G., Kumar, A., Sahoo, N. and Mohapatra, S. 2013. Radiation utilization efficiency, latent heat flux, and crop growth simulation in irrigated rice during post-flood period in east coast of India. Paddy Water Environment,12: 285-297
Kiniry, J.R., Jonnes, C.A., O'Toole, J.C., Blanchet, R., Cabelguenne, M. and Spanel, D.A. 1989. Radiation use efficiency in biomass accumulation prior to grain filling for five grain crop spices. Field Crop Res 20: 51-64.
Kumar, H., Kirda, C. and Sesveren, S. 2011. Genotypic differences of maize in grain yield response to deficit irrigation. Agril. Water Manage., 98(5): 801-807.
Monteith, J.L. 1977. Climate and the efficiency of the Royal Society of London . B281: 277-297.
Painyuli, A., Pal, M.S., Bhatnagar, A. and Bisht, A.S. 2013. Effect of planting technique and irrigation scheduling on productivity and water use efficiency of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata). Indian J. Agron, 58(3): 344-348.
Pandey, R.K., Maranville, J.W. andAdmou,A. 2000. Deficit irrigation and nitrogen effects on maize in a sahelian environment I. Grain yield and yield components. Agril.Water Manage 46(1): 1 13.
Pitman, J.I. 2000. Absorption of photosynthetically active radiation, radiation use efficiency & spectral reflectance of Bracken [Pteridiumaquilinum (L.) Kuhn] canopies. 85 Annals Bot.(Supplement B): 101-111
Reddy, B.S., Mandal, U.K., Adake, R.V. and Sharma, K.L. 2013.Management of tillage and crop residue under maize for enhancing soil resilience to climate change. J. Agrometeorology, 15 (Special Issue-I): 131-137
Rezadoust, S., Karimi, M.M., Vazan, S.S., Ardakani, M.R., Kashani, A.M. and Gholinezhad, E. 2010. The modeling of development stages of sunflower on the basis of temperature and photoperiod. Not. Bot. Hort. Agrobot. Cluj.,38(1): 66-70.
Ritchie, S.W. and Hanway, J.J. 1982. How a corn plant develops. Spec. Rep . 48. Rev. Iowa State Univ. Coop. Ext.Serv.,Ames, IA.
Robertson, M.G., Silim, S., Chauhan, Y.S. and Ranganathan, R. 2001. Predicting growth and development of pigeonpea: biomass accumulation and partitioning. Field Crops Res., 70(2): 89-100.
Singh, B.R. and Singh, D.P. 1995. Agronomic and physiological responses of sorghum, maize and pearl millet to irrigation. Field Crops Res 42(2-3): 57-67.
Sivakumar, M.K.V. andViramani, S.M. 1984. Crop productivity in relation to interception of photosynthetically active radiation. Agric. For. Meteorol 31(2): 131-141.
Stone, P. J.,Wilson, D.R., Beid, J.B. and Gillespie, R.N. 2001.Water deficit effects on sweet corn I. water use, radiation use efficiency, growth, and yield. J. Agric. Res 52(1):103-113.
