Growth and yield of almond as influenced by rain water harvesting and mulching under rainfed condition
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53550/Keywords:
Almond, Mulching, Productivity efficiency, Rainfed, Water harvesting systemAbstract
Field demonstration trials were conducted for three consecutive years (2011 to 2013) to study the impact of rain water harvesting and mulching on rainfed almond production. There were 10 treatment combinations viz. T - half moon, T - half moon + organic mulch, T - half moon + plastic mulch, T - full moon, T - full moon + organic mulch, T - full moon + plastic mulch T - trench, T - trench + organic mulch, T - trench + plastic mulch, and T - control. The treatments were laid out in randomised block design with three replications. Results clearly indicated that significantly maximum mean plant height (6.40 m),TCSA(532.7 cm ) and canopy spread (5.0 x 4.61 m), nut number (1277 tree ) and nut yield (3.73 kg tree ) were recorded in full moon water harvesting system + plastic mulch. Whereas, highest nut weight (3.08 g) was recorded in full moon system only. The productivity efficiency (7.0 g cm TCSA) was recorded in fullmoon water harvesting system + plastic mulch in almond under rainfed conditions of Kashmir valley.
References
Dwivedi, S.K., Singh, B. and Paljor, E. 2000. Effects of mulch on establishment and growth of apple sapling in cold arid region conditions of Ladakh. Prog. Hort., 32: 42-45.
Ganga, J., Singh, P.K., Srivastava, P.C. and Singh, S.K. 2012. Effect of mulching, drip irrigation scheduling and fertilizer levels on plant growth, fruit yield and quality of litchi (=Litchi chinensis Sonn). Ind. J. Soil Cons., 40 (1): 46-51.
Gomez, A.K.A. and Gomez, A.A. 1984. Statistical procedures for Agricultural Research Wiley Intersciences, New York ,NY, USA. pp. 357-423.
Khan, Z.U. 1998. To control vigour and to explain physiological causes in an ultra high density planting system for apples. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of plant science, Lincoln University, Canterbury, NZ.
Kumar, D.,Ahmed, N. and Srivastava, K.K. 2012.Almonds productivity enhanced under karewa lands of Kashmir. ICAR News,18: 7
Kumar,D.,Ahmed,N. and Hassan,A. 2014. Impact of rain water harvesting and mulching on growth and yield of apple (Malus domestica) under rainfed conditions. Ind. J. Soil Cons., 42(1):74-79.
Kumar, D., Ahmed, N., Srivastava, K.K., Singh, S.R. and Hassan, A. 2013. Micro-catchment water harvesting and moisture conservation techniques for apple (Malus domestica) production under rainfed condition. Ind. J. Agri. Sci.,83 (12): 1322-1326.
Kumar, D., Pandey,V. andVishal Nath. 2008. Effect of organic mulching and irrigation schedule through drip irrigation on growth and yield of mango var. Lat Sundari in eastern region of India. Ind. J. Agri. Sci. 78(5): 385-388.
Lal, H., Rao, V.K. and Singh, V.K. 2003. Effect of various mulches on growth and yield of apple cv. Starking Delicious orchard. Prog. Hort.35: 25-30.
NHB. 2013-14. Indian Horticulture Database National Horticulture Board, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
Oweis, T. and Hachum, A. 2006. Water harvesting and supplemental irrigation for improved water productivity of dry farming systems inWestAsia and NorthAfrica. Agri.Water Manage., 80: 57-73.
Raina, S.S. 1992. Effect of different orchard floor vegetation management system on weed control in Royal Delicious apple. Punjab Hort. J.,32: 143-149.
Sharma, J.C. and Kathiravan, G. 2009. Effect of mulches on soil hydrothermal regimes and growth of plum in mid hill region of Himachal Pradesh. Ind. J. Hort., 66 : 465-471.
Verma, M.L., Bhandari, A.R. and Thakur, B.C. 2001. Effect of varying soil moisture regimes on plant growth, yield and irrigation water requirement of Almond cv. Non-Pareil. The Hort. J., 14(1): 1-6.
Westwood, M.N. and Roberts, A.N. 1970. The relationship between trunk cross sectional area and weight of apple tree. J. Am. Soc. Hort Sci ., 95: 28-30.
