Assessment of fertility potential for the soils of Northern Brahmaputra valley zone using Principal Component Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53550/Keywords:
Correlation, Physical-Chemical-Hydraulic parameters, Physiographic units, Principal components, Soil classificationAbstract
An attempt is made to model relationships of soil physical-chemical-hydraulic parameters of 50 rice-growing soils for fertility potential classification under 6 physiographic units of Northern Brahmaputra Valley Zone (NBVZ) of Assam. The physiographic units studied were Old Flood Plain (OFP), Lower Alluvial Plain (LAP), Upper Alluvial Plain (UAP) Lower Piedmont Plain (LPP), Upper Piedmont Plain (UPP) and Structural Hill (SH) soils. Relationships of 27 soil parameters were established using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The PCs identified are (i) Inherent Potentiality; (ii) Soil Loss; (iii) Nitrozinc; (iv) Cation Exchange; (v) Acidity; (vi) Copper; and (vii) Anionic factors which could explain 81% variability in soil parameters. Based on eigen vectors of PCs, component scores were determined for ranking soils and physiographic units. Dhullie (No. 32) soil ranked first for soil fertility, while OFP soils were most fertile. The ranking of soils was in agreement with analytical values of soil physical-chemical-hydraulic parameters. UPP soils had maximum values for CEC, acidity and anionic factors, compared to LPP soils for copper. The values were maximum for UAP for nitrozinc factor; LAP for soil loss factor; and SH for inherent potentiality. Among 27 soil parameters studied, silt, organic matter, CEC, manganese, field capacity, AWC and clay were found significant and contributed to the total variability. The soil classification would be useful for development of strategies for efficient management of crops under Northern Brahmaputra Valley Zone of Assam.
References
Adhikary, P.P., Biswas, H., Trivedi, S.M. and Chandrasekharan, H. 2010. Soil fertility capability classification in a semi-arid region in Haryana with special reference to soil biological condition modifier. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 58: 428-435.
Anderson, K.E. and Furley, P.A. 1975. An assessment of the relationship between the surface properties of chalk soils and slope from using principal component analysis. J. Soil Sci., 26: 130-143.
Bodman, G.B. 1942. Nomogran for rapid calculation of soil density, water content and total porosity relationship. J. American Soc. Agron., 34: 883-893.
Bray, R.H. and Kurtz, L.T. 1945. Determination of total organic and available phosphate in soils. Soil Sci., 59: 39-46.
Buol, S.W. 1972. Fertility capability classification system. In: Agronomic-Economic Research on Tropical Soils-Annual Report 1971-72. Soil
Science Department, N.C. State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Deka Bipul., Baruah, T.C., Dutta Marami., Karmakar, R.M. 2009. Landscape-Soil Relationships and Pedogenic Evaluation of Soils in Ghiladhari Watershed of the Brahmaputra Valley of Assam. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci.,57(3): 245-252.
Dunteman, G.H. 1989. Principal components analysis. Sage publications, Newbury Park, California.
Ensminger, L.E. 1954. Some factors affecting the adsorption of sulfate by Albama soils. Soil Sci. Soc. America J., 18: 259-264.
Geissen, V., Sanchez-Hernandez, R., Kampichler, C., Ramos-Reyes, R. and Sepulveda-Lozadaa, A., Goana, S.O., Jong, E.B., Lwanga, H. and Daumas, H. 2009. Effects of land-use changes on some properties of tropical soils-An example from Southeast Mexico. Geoderma, 151: 87-97.
Jackson, M.L. 1973. Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Jagdish Prasad. 2000. Application of fertility capability classification system in soils of a watershed in semi-arid tropics. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 48: 329-338.
Jolliffe, I.T. 1986. Principal component analysis. Springer-Velag, New York.
Klute, A. 1965. Laboratory measurement of hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil. In : Methods of Soil Analysis Part-I. American Society of Agronomy, Inc.
Lindsay, W.L. and Norvell, W.A. 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu. Soil Sci. Soc. America J., 42: 421-428.
Maruthi Sankar, G.R., Sharma, K.L., Gabhane, V.V., Nagdeve, M.B., Osman, M., Pushpanjali., Gopinath, K.A., Reshma Shinde., Ganvir, M.M., Karunakar, A.P., Anitha Chorey, B., Mishra, P.K., Venkateswarlu, B., Singh, A.K., Suma Chandrika, M. and Sammi Reddy, K. 2014. Effect of long-term fertilizer application and rainfall distribution on cotton productivity, profitability and soil fertility in a semi-arid vertisol. Comm. Soil Sci. and Plant Anal., 45 (3): 362-380
Mishra, P.K., Maruthi Sankar, G.R., Mandal, U.K., Nalatwadmath, S.K., Patil, S.L. and Manmohan, S. 2012. Amelioration of Vertisols with sand for
management of soil physical, chemical and hydraulic properties in south India. Ind. J. Soil Cons., 40(1): 13-21.
Mohanty, S.K. and Filipovski, G. 1981. Characteristics and fertility potential classification of rice soils of Yugoslavia. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 29: 233-240.
Mohanty, S.K. and Filipovski, G. 1982. Fertility potential classification of rice growing soils using principal component analysis. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 30: 312-319.
Norris, J.M. 1971. The application of multivariate analysis to soil studies. I. Grouping of soils using different properties. J. Soil Sci., 22: 69-80.
Norris, J.M. 1972. The application of multivariate analysis to soil studies III. Soil variation. J. Soil Sci., 23: 62-75.
Ramachandran, K., Gayatri, M., Satish, J., Praveen, V. and Thaligavathi, N. 2016. Measuring agricultural sustainability-spatial evaluation of development in waatershed projects. Ind. J. Soil Cons., 44(2):120-132.
Piper, C.S. 1966. Soil and Plant Analysis. University of Adelaide, Australia.
Ramteke, G.K., Nagdeve, M.B., Maruthi Sankar, G.R., Wesley, C.J. and Mishra, P.K. 2013. Crop planning and productivity assessment in a semi-arid vertisol using MIKE SHE model. Ind. J. Soil Cons., 41(3): 234-240.
Rao, D.V.K.N. and Jose, A.I. 2003. Fertility capability classification of some soils under rubber in Kerala. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 51: 183-188.
Richards, L.A. 1948. Porous plate apparatus for measuring moisture retention and transmission by soils. Soil Sci., 66: 105-110.
Sharma, K.L., Kusuma Grace, J., Mishra, P.K., Venkateswarlu, B., Nagdeve, M.B., Gabhane, V.V., Maruthi Sankar, G.R.., Korwar, G.R., Ravindra Chary, G., Srinivasa Rao, C.H., Pravin Gajbhiye, N., Madhavi, M., Mandal, U.K., Srinivas, K. and Ramachandran, K. 2011. Effect of soil and nutrient-management treatments on soil quality indices under cotton-based production system in rainfed semi-arid tropical vertisol. Comm. Soil Sci. and Plant Anal., 42: 1298-1315.
Subbiah, B.V. and Asija, G.L. 1956. A rapid procedure for the determination of available nitrogen in soils. Curr. Sci., 25: 259-260.
Vadivelu, S. 2002. Land evaluation. Proceedings of summer school on “Soil resource information and their use in crop planning in north-east region” organized by NBSS & LUP, Jorhat during 18-27, April.
Vikas Abrol., Peeyush Sharma., GR Maruthi Sankar., Manish Sharma., Ramesh Chandra and Vikas Sharma. 2015. Soil management effects on soil quality and crop performance in dry sub-humid inceptisols of India. Ind. J. Soil Cons., 43(1): 47-57.
Yoder, R.E. 1936. A direct method of aggregate analysis of soils and a study of the physical nature of erosion losses. J. American Soc. Agric., 28: 337-351.
Zehetner, F. and Miller, W.P. 2006. Soil variations along a climatic gradient in Andean agro-ecosystem. Geoderma, 137: 126-134.
