Assessment of base flow and base flow index of Ramganga river catchment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53550/Keywords:
Base flow, Base flow index, Discharge, Ramganga catchmentAbstract
A study was conducted for assessment of base flow and base flow index in the Ramganga catchment area, a sub catchment of river Ganga, in Uttarakhand, India. The discharge data of three gauging stations viz., Kedar, Naula and Sarpdully were collected and base flow and base flow index (BFI) were estimated from daily discharge record by Untied Kindom Institute of Hydrology method. This method performs a separation of the base flow from the total discharge to calculate the BFI. The mean BFI for total period of available daily record for the three gauging sites of Kedar, Naula and Sarpdully were 0.620, 0.676 and 0.800, respectively. The mean base flows of all gauging sites were estimated for daily stream gauge data series and the annual mean base flow was calculated. The highest base flow of 45.087 m3s-1 was obtained at Sarpdully in 2012 followed by 42.679 m3s-1 at Naula during 1973 and 7.573 m3/s at Kedar gauging site in 1973. From the analysis it was concluded that the base flow contribution from the aquifer draining into Sarpdully gauging site has been maximum which indicated a perennial stream with porous aquifer whereas Naula and Kedar sites too have perennial streams but the aquifer of that area seems to be less porous or may have some obstructions.
References
Bruskova, V. 2008. Assesment of the base flow in the upper part of Torysa river catchment. Slovak J. Civil Eng., 2: 8-14.
Dahiphale, Pravin and Singh, P.K. 2017. Identification of groundwater potential zones and artificial recharge sites in Jaisamand catchment using remote sensing and Geographical Information System. Indian J. Soil Cons., 45(3): 244-254.
Eckhardt, K. 2005. How to construct recursive digital filters for base flow separation. Hydrolo. Proces., 19: 507-515.
Eckhardt, K. 2008. A comparison of base flow indices, which were calculated with seven different base flow separation methods. J. Hydrol., 352: 168-173.
Frohlich, K., Frohlich, W. and Wittenberg, H. 1994. Determination of groundwater recharge by base flow separation: regional analysis in northeast China. FRIEND: Flow Regimes from International Experimental and Network Data. Proc. of Braunschweig Conference, October 1993. IAHS Publ. No 221.
Linsley, R.K., Kohler, M.A., Paulhus, J.L.H. and Wallace, J.S. 1975. Hydrology for Engineers. McGraw Hill, New York.
Mishra, C.D., Tiwari, Y.K., Nema, A.K., Singh, G., Nema, R.K. and Kumar, R. 2015. Impact of conjunctive use of water resources on crop production in canal command area- A case study. Indian J. Dryland Agric. Res. Dev., 30(2): 37-43.
Mishra, C.D., Tiwari, Y.K., Nema, A.K., Singh, G., Nema, R.K. and Kumar, R. 2016. Water resources characterization in canal command area for Jhansi minor (left bank canal of Bargi dam) of Rani Avanti Bai Sagar irrigation project- A case study. J. Soil Water Cons., 15(1): 58-63.
Morawietz, M. 2004. User's guide to BFI, In Tallaksen, Van Lanen (eds.), Hydrological Drought: Processes and Estimation Methods for Stream Flow and Groundwater, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 579 p.
Nathan, R.J. and McMahon, T.A. 1990. Evaluation of automated techniques for base flow and recession analyses. Water Resour. Res., 26(7): 1465-1473.
Panigrahi, B., Paul, J.C. and Senapati, P.C. 1990. Management of groundwater- its development and utilisation aspects in Orissa. Indian J. Power River Valley Devel., 11(1): 14-19.
Panigrahi, B., Nayak, A.K. and Sharma, S.D. 1995. Application of remote sensing technology for evaluation of groundwater potential. Water Resour. Manage., 9: 161-173.
Pande, V.C., Kuroshe, R.S., Sena, D.R. and Kumar, G. 2015. Implication of optimal groundwater extraction for sustainable groundwater use in India Semi-arid tropical watershed. Indian J. Soil Cons., 43(1): 1-8.
Price, K. 2011. Effects of watershed topography, soils, land use, and climate on base flow hydrology in humid regions: A review. Prog. Phys. Geog., 35: 465-492.
Singh, A. and Panda, S.N. 2012. Effect of saline irrigation water on mustard (Brassica Juncea) crop yield and soil salinity in a semiarid area of North India. Experi. Agri., 48(1): 99-110.
Singh, G., Singh, S., Singh, R.M., Kumar, R. and Mishra, C.D. 2017. Assessment of natural ground water recharge in Sonar subbasin using HELP-3 model: A case study. Indian J. Soil Cons., 45(2): 176-182.
Smakhtin, V.U. 2001. Low flow hydrology: a review. J. Hydrol., 240: 147-186.
Szilagyi, J. and Parlange, M.B. 1998. Base flow separation based on analytical solutions of the Boussinesq equation. J. Hydrol., 204: 251-260.
Tallaksen, L.M. 1995. A review of base flow recession analysis. J. Hydrol., 165: 349–370.
United Nations. 2010. World Population Prospects. Revision Population Database. http://www.un.org/esa/population/unpop.htm.
UK Institute of Hydrology 1980. Low flow studies report, 3 volumes Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, UK.
Welderufael, W.A. and Woyessa, Y.E. 2010. Stream flow analysis and comparison of base flow separation methods, Case study of the Modder river in Central South Africa. European Water, 31: 3-12.
Zhang, Y., Ahiablame, L., Engel, B. and Liu, J. 2013. Regression modeling of base flow and base flow index for Michigan USA. Water, 5:1797-1815.
